upward mobility is limited. Taking a social identity perspective, we investigated how leader social support in teams impacts the relationship between power distance orientation and perceived insider status in China. Measures tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity among members of a society. Germany has a 35 on the scale compared to Arab. Classroom interaction affected by Power Distance To clarify the effects of Power Distance on classroom interaction, Table l was constructed, based on the author’s personal experiences as a teacher as well as studies by language researchers, educators and psychologists (see sections 3. femininity, 3) long-term vs short-term orientation, 4) uncertainty avoidance index, 5) indulgence vs restraint, and 6) individualism vs. This study seeks to develop a measure method of national culture based on cultural origins. Masculinity. society expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. View full document. In the table, we break Hofstede’s scores into high (70–100), medium (40–69), and low (0–39). Power Distance Index. Power distance measures how much a culture has respect for authority. in western media: militants, terrorists, violent upheaves. Power distance measures a degree to which less powerful members of organizations can accept uneven distribution of power. The Power Distance Index is a measure of the level of power and inequality within a society or organization. The power distance index measures how less powerful members of a group or organization accept and anticipate power to be divided unequally. Devised in the 1970s by Dutch business theorist Geert Hofstede, the power distance index (PDI) measures people’s attitudes toward inequality in a given society. tend be hierarchical, with members citing social roles, manipulation, and inheritance as sources of. Power distance is higher in India than in the United States. Uncertainty avoidance index: The index measures the extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain or ambiguous situations. A correlation at. g. Countries with high power distance tend to use participative decision making. The “Power Distance Index” measures how hierarchical a country is and how its citizens value authority. The power distance index (PDI) is a measure of national cultures used in the field of international business. BA 302 Chapter 9. for Power Distance Index, C(ic) for Individualism Index. a national culture attribute that emphasizes the future, thrift, and persistence. Power Distance Index Measures the tolerance of social inequality. >the authority of the user over a product. , Germany has a. C) Perceptions of power. ECONOMETRI. measures how people in different societies cope with inequality; in other words, how they relate to more powerful individuals. Hofstede’s initial six key dimensions include power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, and short vs. China is a superpower in Asia. Power distance index (credited to G H Hofsteder) measures the extent to which the less powerful members of a society accept or expect power to be distributed unequally. a. High power distance means that power is unevenly distributed; low power distance means that power is more evenly distributed [TIP]. In Hofstede's framework, the power distance index (PDI) is defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. masculinity/Feminity. " 3 He measures how people in different cultures accept and live with power relation ships through the Power Distance Index (PDI). indulgence vs. To fill the need for power distance measures at the. . Power distance Index Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. The degree of hierarchy/the greater the power distance, the less power the lower level has compared to the upper level. The power distance index (PDI), developed by Dutch social psychologist GEERT HOFSTEDE, is an index that measures the distribution of power and wealth between individuals in a business, culture, or. PDI is a part. This can lead to high turnover rates in companies and low learning outcomes in schools if not taken into consideration. Although all cultures. Measures achievement verses nurturing. a low score means they value equality---FOCUSES ON AUTHORITY ORIENTATION. Very high Germany is somewhat in the middle between. Individualism/ Collectivism Index. The Power distance index measures the degree of hierarchy and focus of power and authority in the society House et al. Man in suit holding an engineering light bulb icon Hofstede’s power-distance index measures how acceptable an unequal spread of power is to a society. It is a measure of social hierarchy and cultural. A. Kate Sweetman is founder and Chief Client Officer of SweetmanCragun. There are 3 steps to solve this one. Quantic Smartly MBA: Every detail you should know before. Pages 100+ Identified Q&As 100+ Solutions available. Australia performs best in defence networks. Chapter 1. This metric is one of six measures in the Hofstede cultural dimensions theory. The power-distance index measures the degree to which the members of a group or society accept the hierarchy of power and authority. This measurement can explain or reveal characteristics about relationships between bosses and subordinates around the world. Power Distance Index -Measures the tolerance of social inequality, that is, power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. Can an individual’s background influence their perception of power distance? Power distance index (PDI) measures the extent to which people accept the inequality of power in a society or organization. An online intercultural training game that tests your intercultural knowledge and increases your cultural competence for living and working in a global environment. The most commonly used measure for high power distance culture is the Power Distance Index (PDI), which was developed by Geert Hofstede. It refers to the degree to which members of a group or organization accept an uneven distribution of power amongst their members. Similarly, cultural differences in power distance, which measures the level of hierarchy and the tolerance of inequality in a given society, are associated with crossnational variations in. Low power distance index indicates that. A totalitarian regime has a high PDI, while a democracy has a low PDI. 112 Greece 8 Singapore . MAS represents specific values that a society values. expect and accept that power as distributed unequally. This tendency makes us dependent on the diktats of. This is. Power distance index (PDI): The power distance index is defined as "the extent to which the less powerful. indicate a perception of differences between superior and. A high Power Distance Index represents a society where most people accept that inequality is just a part of life and there is no. This measurement can declare or reveal characteristics info relationships between bosses and subordinates around the world. power seen as providing social order. To begin with, power distance index measures to what extent people in the culture tolerate the power and unequal distribution. High power distance societies show higher levels of respect for rank and authority. the extent to which a community accepts and endorses authority, power differences, and status privileges. Students also studiedAccording to Hofstede, power distance is based on the value system of the most powerful members. long-term orientation. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is culture, What is the traditional definition of culture, and more. Power distance index. Power Distance. (2014), power distance is a criterion which can measure the degree of power inequality acceptance. Researchers wishing to work with our. Power distance index is when the less powerful members of an organization or institution expect power to be distrusted unequally. The degree to which a society considers achievement or nurture C. 1-3. In short, the index measures the extent to which subordinates accept or challenge the authority of the people in charge. Power is the capacity of a state or territory to direct or influence the behaviour of other states, non-state actors, and the course of international events. Power Distance Index. High power distance index indicates that a culture accepts inequity and power differences, and it encourages bureaucracy. Hofstede’s power-distance index measures how acceptable an unequal spread of power is to a society. Societies with a high power distance exhibit the existence of more. This is applicable not only within. , 2002). Preference for assertiveness or cooperation. Later, researchers added restraint vs. collectivism. The quiz will test you on the history of Hofstede's Power Distance. false. A country that has high power index indicates that it has a strong concept regarding societal hierarchy,. Mkt. Unlike the Kogut and Singh (1988) index, this measure does not assume that the differences in the scores on. >the value of dignity and respect a person gets from society. Power distance index (credited to G H Hofstede) measures the extent to which the less powerful members of the society accept or expect power to be distributed unequally. In contrast, Denmark is considered to be a low power distance culture with a power distance index of 18. Countries with high power distance tend to use participative decision making. Countries lowest on the PDI are said to be: Austria. Q: The systematic process of collecting and analyzing target customer data, the competition, and the target market environment to aid in making messaging, positioning and pricing decisions is _____. 4 This affects the way people function in their families, their BA 302 Chapter 9. High Power distance. The four cultural dimensions are power distance (PDI), individualism (IDV), masculinity (MAS), uncertainty avoidance index (UAI)Quantified by Hofstede as Power Distance Index (PDI), this dimen-sion of culture attempts to measure societal acceptance and expectations of unequal power relations between leaders and followers, bosses and subordinates, parents and children, and teachers and students (Hofstede, 2001: 80–83). In a high power distance environment, there's a clear hierarchy. pieces of the workplace atmosphere puzzle. The Power distance index measures the degree of hierarchy and focus of power and authority in the society House et al. Low power distance. c. In Asian cultures people are more relaxed about social status and the appearance of power. Suppose we have two points P and Q to determine the distance between these points we simply have to calculate the perpendicular distance of the points from X-Axis and Y-Axis. Started in California, Disneyland is an American theme park. A high-power distance index indicates that a culture accepts inequity and power differences, encourages bureaucracy, and shows high respect for rank and authority. 권력거리지수 PDI (Power Distance Index) Geert Hofstede 교수는 네덜란드 Maastricht University 에서 국제경영학을 가르치는 교수이고, 현재는 퇴직한 명예교수이다. The six dimensions are as follows: Power Distance Index: Hofstede’s Power distance Index measures the extent to which inequality and power are tolerated. and similar measures. High PDI cultures the those who hold power are entitled to privileges 4. chosen as the central question for measuring power distance (Hofstede 2001: 53). This is applicable not only within corporate structures but also within communities as a whole. 1. The fundamental issue here is how a society handles inequalities among people. Following its success in California, it opened in Florida and Tokyo, where greater levels of success were also recorded. measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. The Power Distance Index measures how people in different societies relate to more powerful individuals. Measuring organizational cultures: A qualitative and quantitative study across twenty cases. Hofstede's scores range from 100 (the highest power distance) to 0 (the lowest). Australia is a middle power in Asia. Click the card to flip 👆. There’s just one step to solve this. When leading multicultural teams, it is critical to understand the idea of power distance. Power distance measures the various levels separating people based on various factors like wealth, power, or authority (Northouse, 2019, p. consumer. Power distance index: The index measures the degree of inequality that exists in a society. The Power Distance Index measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system 2. focuses on assertiveness and achievement . Power-Distance index. can be tolerated by the staff in the lower management level. g. The Power Distance Index measures how a culture handles inequality. One example is a company with a very formal organizational structure where you have workers, managers, middle managers, executives, and an executive board. According to Geert Hofstede’s 5 dimensions China is located in the higher ranking. Power Distance Index measures. Indulgence Versus Restraint. Power distance has to do with a cultures perception of the fair distribution of power. The PDI looks at the extent to which people in a culture accept the unequal distribution of power and the degree to which they accept that power should be respected. It enable to compare the three different society presented. Power Distance "The extent to which the community accepts and endorses authority, power differences, and status privileges" High power distance communities expect everyone to obey their leaders without question, regardless of the context they are in. Collectivism vs. The power-distance index measures the degree to which the members of a group or society accept the hierarchy of power and authority. A global leader may have a person from Asia, Mexico, and Germany on their team. Power Distance Index. It signifies inequality measured from below as opposed to above and suggests that it is endorsed by both followers and leaders (Hofstede, Dimensions, 2014). 2. Hofstede (1985)defines power distance as “the extent to which the members of a society accept that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally” (p. The power-distance index (PDI) is a measurement of the acceptance of a hierarchy of power and wealth by the individuals who make up the general population of a nation, culture, or business. It represents inequality and a society’s expectations of its leaders. collectivism) and power distance (Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally). Question topics include the developer's background and the importance of the power distance theory. The companyStart studying INTL Marketing Exam 2. Question topics include the developer's background and the importance of the power distance theory. The extent to which individual countries share key dimensions depends on a number of factors, such as. The power distance index (Hofstede, 1980,. Individualism vs. This paper focuses on measuring Hofstede’s power distance index for Kazakh culture. PDI is a part of cultural dimensions theory, an attempt to quantify the differences in attitudes between cultures. Development and studies on the. He has become known for pioneering research on national and organisational cultures. the countries with stronger individualistic orientation tend to be slower in stringency measures. asked Jun 13, 2019 in User Research Methods by parvinder. Or to put it in a more official way, Power Distance is the: “ Level of acceptance of people, who have no power, of the unequal spread of power in their society. | uncertainty avoidance. The power distance index (PDI) is a sociological measure that indicates the extent to which less powerful members of a group accept and expect that power is. uncertainty avoidance. The USA has a relatively low power distance index, indicating a more egalitarian society. The five dimensions of psychological power distance. The 30-year anniversary of Kogut and Singh’s (1988) groundbreaking study that introduced the concept of cultural distance and its accompanying measure provides the opportunity to take stock of what makes for a good construct. On the other han the power distance in the United States scores a on the . of a society accept—even expect—power to be distributed unequally. power distance index. The Power Distance Index measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system; represents the extent of hierarchy in a society 2. 5 out of 100. The key psychological aspect of power distance in India is that power dynamics are as much bottom up, as they are top-down, in that those low on power are at home with the power differential. The Uncertainty Avoidance Index measures the tolerance of uncertainty and _____ among members of a society. Greater Global Connections Fact: 40% more GDP growth. You must understand the culture of the consumer because that is what creates the market. It further determines the degree to which the ordinary citizens or employees submit to the authority. Originally power distance index was proposed by Hofstede in his cultural dimensions theory (Hofstede 1980). All of the statements above are true; none are false, b. According to Hofstede and Hofstede (2001), China scores high on the power distance index: 80 points compared to a world average of 56. High . Greet Hofstede developed an index called, Power Distance Index (PDI), giving numerical values to five cultural dimensions: power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and. ). Key Takeaways. In line with this, the so–called Power Distance Index measures, as . Dr. Developed by Dutch social psychologist Geert Hofstede, the PDI ultimately provides insight. Gucci has a low power distance culture at large. It was developed by Dutch psychologist Geert Hofstede and reflects the degree to which less powerful members of organizations and institutions within a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Basically, they have a PDI score of 80-100. Power distance index. 그는 1967년부터 1973년 동안 세계의 각국(70여국 이상)에 직원을 두고 있는 IBM 직원들을 대상으로 각국의 문화적. cultural values can predict _____ behavior. Power distance measures a degree to which less powerful members of organizations can accept uneven distribution of power. Cultures differ in their level of power distance, and those with high power distance justify inequalities in the society or ingroup, whereas those with low power dis-Power Distance Index (PDI) The degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. expect formal hierarchies, authoritarian, Asian cultures. Long- Versus Short-Term Orientation. The phonetics of the keyword “Power Distance Index (PDI)” is as follows:- Power: powər- Distance: dystəns- Index: indɛks- PDI: p di ai. Abstract: Devised in the 1970s by Dutch business theorist Geert Hofstede, the power distance index (PDI) measures people’s attitudes toward inequality in a given society. It suggests that a society’s level of inequality is endorsed. Power distance is a cultural dimension, which impacts the relationship between superiors and subordinates within organizations, and is known to influence the functioning of participation in. a. Hofstede’s power-distance index measures how acceptable an unequal spread of power is to a society. In turn, in Culture. False. “Power distance can therefore be defined as the extent to which the less powerful members ofThe power-distance index measures the degree to which the individuals from a group or society acknowledge the hierarchy of power and authority. Power distance index is when the less powerful members of an organization or institution expect power to be distrusted unequally. Power distance index measures the extents to which less powerful members of organization and institutions accept unequal distribution. High Power distance. Psychologist Geert Hofstede theorized the notion of the “power-distance index” (PDI). Power Distance Index measures _____________. 3) Masculinity Versus Femininity. It is a measure of the extent to which members of a. Geert Hofstede was a psychologist who developed his now famous framework while working at IBM and his. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What are the factors that affect obedience, What are the factors that affect obedience in letters, What did giligan say men act upon and more. 1. It's important to understand the perspective of the followers in order to appreciate this dimension, which focuses on inequality and power. Hofstede’s power-distance index measures how acceptable an unequal spread of power is to a society. According to Hofstede, power distance represents “the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally” (Hofstede, 1989: 28). The PDI ultimately provides evidence pf the extent to. Power Distance index measures the. 10 Hofstedes Indexes Language, and Linguistic Distance Exhibit 4. I t is . Power Distance Index (high versus low). Hofstede’s Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. S. View full document. Hofstede’s Power distance Index above measures “the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. high power distance. It also shows high respect for rank and authority. Which of the following is used as a way of decreasing power distance in low power distance cultures: decentralizing activities. 1. Understanding Power Distance Index (PDI): The Power Distance Index is a measure that reflects the extent to which societies accept and expect unequal power distribution. linear time. Rituals. Home User Research Methods Power Distance Index measures asked Jun 13, 2019 in User Research Methods by parvinder. uncertainty avoidance index. Ranked 6 of 26 for comprehensive power, with an overall score of 30. It is a measure of social hierarchy and cultural norm. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is culture?, traditional definition of culture, Origins of Culture: Social Institutions and more. Researchers can use them without asking for permission. It is a measure of the extent to which members of a society accept that power is unequally distributed and accept the unequal power relationships between people. 3). According to “Clearly Cultural” Hofstede’s Power Distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organization accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Power distance is a cultural index derived by sociologist Geert Hofstede. a measure of what a culture considers its base unit of importance among its people. singh. Some consider the PDI of a comparison between the "haves" and have nots". I what curious to know if on tool is relevant stylish advertising so I selected three brands, KFC Singapor, BMW China. ( Hofstede, 2010). 3. Power Distance Index. In turn, in Culture’s Consequences Hofstede refers to Alex Inkeles and Daniel Levinson’s classic study describing the universal domains of culture (“standard analytical issues” in their nomenclature). This dimension expresses the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally: beliefs about the appropriate distribution of power in society. Collectivism. Sweden has a low PDI score of 31, indicating a relatively equal distribution of power and a society that values equality and fairness. The power distance is closely associated with social inequality. To provide a more precise understanding of the effects of power distance, we have developed a new psychological power distance conceptualization based on five sub-dimensions: 1) Power, 2) conflict with authority figure, 3) hierarchy, 4) prestige, and 5) social distance ( Fig. Indulgence Versus Restraint. High PDI cultures tend to be hierarchical, with members citing social roles, manipulation, and inheritance as sources of power and social status. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In low power distance cultures, managers, In high power distance cultures, access to power is regulated. Power-Distance Index. China is the highest ranked country on two measures. Masculinity. Or to put it in a more official way, Power Distance is the: “ Level of acceptance of people, who have no power, of the unequal spread of power in their society. The Power Distance Index measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system 2. Administrative science quarterly, 286-316. Uncertainity Avoidance Index. The Philippines has the 4th highest power distance index in the world at 94 compared to the US at 40. 1. The PDI ultimately provides evidence pf the extent to which regular citizens, or subordinates, will follow the whims of an authoritative figure (Kenton,2019). The Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI), one of the six dimensions of culture identified by Geert Hofstede, focuses on assertiveness and achievement. society is differentiated into classes. Power distance is the degree to which the subordinate members of an organization will allow and favor unequally distributed power (Moran, Abramson, & Moran, 2014). PDI has had a substantial influence on international business trainingHofstede’s power-distance index measures how acceptable an unequal spread of power is to a society. Power Distance Index. What this means is that a country with a larger power distance index will feel more empowered to be in control and their citizens to feel like followers. Distance metrics are a key part of several machine learning algorithms. In the table, we break Hofstede's scores into high (70–100), medium (40–69), and low (0–39). Masculinity vs. However, it remains unclear how leader treatment may impact the way power distance-oriented individuals evaluate their social identities. , 2002). According to Geert Hofstede, a Dutch social psychologist, the Power Distance Index measures the degree to which the members of a group accept and expect the hierarchy of power and authority. Denmark. Japan has a higher power distance score than Australia and is thus more. Methodology. The method to calculate the power distance index is provided in details in the two versions of . 5. South Korea scores low on this scale (39) while the US scores high (62), implying that the Koreans are a feminist society whereas the Americans are a masculine society. Ranked 2 of 26 for comprehensive power, with an overall score of 72. 1 ). The index normally has a value between 0 (small Power Distance) and 100 (large Power Distance), but values below 0 and above 100 are technically possible. Power distance, however, is not significant in. Trade agreement. Power distance index is when the less powerful members of an organization or institution expect power to be distrusted unequally. The uncertainty avoidance index measures the extent to which. The authority of the user over a productD. This dimension refers to the unequal distribution of power, and the measures the acceptance of this power distance faced by weak members of the society. It suggests that a society’s level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. It is now available in fully-developed, ready-to-use culture-specific packages. measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. Culture is pervasive in all marketing activities, pricing, product, promotions, packaging, styling and channels of distribution. Through independent research over the coming decades, Hofstede revised his theories to include two additional dimensions of cultural values: long-term vs. A) The Power Distance Index measures how people in different societies relate to more powerful individuals. Cultures Crossing offers cross-cultural simulations which allow (business) students at many levels to. Methodology. The Power Distance Index measures the degree to which less powerful members of a society accept and expect unequal power distribution. The Power distance index measures the degree of hierarchy and focus of power and authority in the society House et al. The Power Distance Index (PDI) measures to what degree a country, organization, or institution accepts the distribution of power and authority; it can be measured through high, moderate, or low. Hofstede’s Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions like the family, companies or any environment accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. ”. Masculinity Index. 0 (2 reviews) Which of the following statements regarding power distance and teams is correct? People in high power distance countries expect unequal power distribution in the social, political and economic areas. Doc Preview. On the other hand, Germanic countries, including Anglophone countries, have a lower power distance (only 11 for Austria and 18 for Denmark). measures the tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity among members of a society. Although all cultures have some degree of inequality, Hofstede observes that some societies have higher levels of equality than others. A low power distance culture looks at people as equals, and work is a collaborative process. Other questions will test. Terms in this set (11) Power distance. 437). User Research Methods. o Power Distance Index. A The value of dignity and respect a person gets from society B The degree to which a society considers achievement or nurture The concept, is used in cultural studies to understand the relationship between individuals with varying power, and the effect this has on society. A low power distance index indicates that a culture encourages flat organizational structures that feature decentralized decision-making responsibility, a participative management style, and emphasis on power distribution. Originally power distance index was proposed by Hofstede in his cultural dimensions theory (Hofstede, 1980). The power distance index considers the extent to which power and inequality are tolerated by followers. Is one of the attributes of national cultures identified by Geert Hofstede. In high-power distance index countries, employees are. Uncertainty Avoidance Index (high versus low). Power-distance Culturally, the UK scores low for power-distance, a measure of the extent to which less powerful members of society expect and accept that unequal distribution of power. Interpersonal relationships are strongly affected by _____ such as family, religion, schools, the media, government, and corporations. Low. Beside the indicators from Dorfman and Howell (1988), researchers also measure power distance using power 124 J. Hofstede (1984) defines power distance as “the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally”. It suggests that a society’s level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as mush as by the leaders. The PDI measures how much power and authority is concentrated at the top in a given culture. What indicators you think can be used for measuring the incidence of power distance in an organization? Employer Branding People Management Strategic Human Resource. Hofstede’s power-distance index measures how acceptable an unequal spread of power is to a society. It also shows high respect for rank and authority. Table 3 also reports how the VSM 2013 scale scores for power distance and its component items correlated with other measures of power distance. Table 6. 2 shows the levels of power distance (and the other cultural dimensions discussed later) in 15 selected societies. Measures the tolerance of social inequality. Canada ranks 39 on the PDI, while India ranks 77. Via multivariate multiple linear regression, we assess the link between Hofstede’s measures of cultural values and innovation as measured by. I t is . Power distance also relates to the degree to which inequalities are acceptable within the organisational hierarchy. 그는 1967년부터 1973년 동안 세계의 각국(70여국 이상)에 직원을 두고 있는 IBM 직원들을 대상으로 각국의 문화적. Question: Research shows that countries that score high on Hofstede's masculinity and powe distance measures are more likely to engage in unethical behavior. Power distance index in working class family is higher than that in middle class family. The second measure of cultural distance whose effect we tested is a Euclidean distance index based on Hofstede (1980) (see e. High power distance means that power is unevenly distributed; low power distance means that power is more evenly distributed [TIP]. Hofstede (1991) measures power distance by a Power Distance IndexPower Distance Index. Quantified by Hofstede as Power Distance Index (PDI), this dimen-sion of culture attempts to measure societal acceptance and expectations of unequal power relations between leaders and followers, bosses and subordinates, parents and children, and teachers and students (Hofstede, 2001: 80–83). Higher the acceptance and the expectation of power inequality, higher the power-distance. focuses on achieving spiritual growth and development. This. regional or by demographics like gender, level of education, or income. Power Distance and Centralization Hofstede’s Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Table 6. Total views 67. Uncertainty Avoidance . In individualistic societies, the ties between individuals are loose and individual achievement is highly valued. Hofstede’s scores range from 100 (the highest power distance) to 0 (the lowest). Long Term Index vs Short Term Index. Those who are considering commercial use should contact us. Power Distance Index measures the degree of a society’s level of inequality endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders — Correct.